A city pond is convenience. Twenty minutes in a taxi, tackle waiting, food and cold drinks, a roof over the swim and a fish within the first hour. If you are in Bangkok for three days and want to catch something enormous, this is the correct choice and there is no shame in it.
A jungle lake is a day out. Two hours in the car, limestone hills on the horizon, far fewer people, and a setting that photographs like the trip you told everyone you were taking. The fishing is often slower and the fish are often better. Several of the better lakes sit inside or beside land managed by the national parks department.
The honest difference is not the fish, it is the noise. City lakes are busy, sociable and slightly industrial. Out of town you can go an hour without hearing anything but the rod tip.
Cost is closer than people expect once transport is included. A day at a well known city lake with tackle hire and a guide is not much cheaper than a day at a lake in the hills, and the hills throw in the drive through the countryside.
For a first trip, do both. Start in the city so you have caught something, then go out for the day so you have seen something.